Preterm babies

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), preterm babies are defined as those born two weeks early who weigh less than 2500 g (5 lb). But obstetrical technology has improved over the past 50 years to the point where there isn't cause for concern unless the premature infant is under 1500 g (3 lb). A doctor's decision to admit a newborn to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) depends on the degree and the cause of prematurity and any associated medical problem -- or a very low birth weight. Typically, preterm babies weigh between 1600 g and 1900 g (about 3.2 lb. to 3.8 lb.) The smallest preemies can fit into an adult's outstretched hand.

Babies are born prior to their due dates for a variety of reasons, some of them baby-centred, most of them mother-centred. The baby may have abnormal chromosomes or an infection, and it's not unusual for twins or other multiple gestations to lead to preterm delivery. There may be problems with the mother's placenta, abnormalities in her uterus, or a history of illnesses such as congenital heart disease or kidney disease throughout the pregnancy.

Maternal substance abuse (cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs) may also lead to preterm delivery. The most common abuse is maternal smoking, which inhibits the ability of the placenta to deliver enough blood to the fetus. As well, drug use, particularly of cocaine, leads to preterm, low-weight babies.

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