Intrauterine contraceptive device (copper IUD)
A device that is fitted and inserted by a physician, the IUD has a similar T-shape to the IUS, but is wrapped in copper wire that impairs sperm's ability to swim.
Benefits and drawbacks: There are no hormones, and it's 99 per cent effective when used properly and remains in place. Irregular bleeding or spotting can occur after it's inserted, and it can cause increased cramping and bleeding the entire time you use it. Again, perforation of the uterus may occur when the IUD is inserted, but this is rare.
Our expert says: "This method provides hormone-free, effective contraception," says Dr. Melissa Mirosh, an obstetrician and gynecologist in Lethbridge, Alta. "But unlike the IUS, which eliminates periods in 30 to 70 per cent of users, it may increase the amount of menstrual bleeding."
Diaphragm
This latex or silicone dome, which has a flexible steel ring around the edge, must be fitted by a physician. You can put the diaphragm in your vagina up to six hours before intercourse, but don't remove it until at least eight hours after sex (the maximum wear time is 24 hours). Always use it with a spermicide.
Benefits and drawbacks: The diaphragm is 80 to 94 per cent effective when inserted properly. It can be used by women who are breast-feeding because it does not contain hormones. The catch is that it increases your risk of developing a urinary tract infection.
Our expert says: "It's a good fit for women who want a nonhormonal method of birth control," says Mirosh.
Condom
This latex shield fits over an erect penis. Read the directions on the package for putting on and removing a condom, because using it properly is key to making sure it's effective.
Benefits and drawbacks: A condom is 97 per cent effective when used properly and protects against many sexually transmitted infections (STIs) but not human papillomavirus or hepatitis B. The drawbacks are that a condom may reduce sensitivity for either partner, or even slip or break during sex. People with latex allergies may be able to use condoms that are made out of polyurethane, silicone or lambskin.
Our experts say: "If a young woman is sexually active, the best option for her is to use a low-dose birth control pill and a condom every time [she has sex]," says Stephanie Mitelman, a certified sexuality educator in Montreal. However, Prior says young women should also carefully consider nonhormonal options before taking the pill.
Female condom
This polyurethane sheath, in the shape of a round, upside-down Baggie, is put into your vagina before sex. (Insert an applicator of contraceptive foam or jelly into your vagina before putting the female condom into place.) One ring anchors the condom inside (like a diaphragm) and the other, external ring The only contraceptives that will protect you against sexually transmitted infections are the male and female condoms. holds it in place. You can insert it up to eight hours before intercourse.
Benefits and drawbacks: There are no hormones, and it's 95 per cent effective when used properly and with contraceptive foam or jelly. However, some women have trouble inserting it correctly. Some users also say that it's noisy during sex.
Our expert says: "The female condom will not disrupt your menstrual cycle or cause a risk for future osteoporosis and bone fractures as do oral contraceptives," says Prior. "It also protects against the ever-present risk of STIs."
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